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Hillsborough County, NH

Migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
106
6% above the U.S. average
Median home value
$385,500
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+59.3%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$1,532
national $1,348
Homeownership
68%
national 65%
Unemployment
2.4%
national 3.6%
Household income
$100,436
national $78,538
Median age
41.0 yrs
national 38.7

Cost of living is the metro-area price level for Manchester-Nashua, NH.

The cost of living runs about 6% above the national average. The median home is valued at $385,500 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 59% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,532 a month. Unemployment averaged 2.4% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $100,436. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Hillsborough County, NH saw a net gain of 22 tax-filing households and a net loss of 284 individuals. Against a population of about 427,354, that is a net outflow of about 0.7 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $16.6M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 2,099 households, came from Middlesex County; the largest outflow, about 1,656 households, went to Rockingham County. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net gain of 58 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
-$16.6M
nominal dollars
Net households
+22
tax returns
Net people
-284
exemptions

-0.7 net people per 1,000 residents (population 427,354)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$997M
Moved out$1B
Net -$16.6M (nominal)
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Hillsborough County within New Hampshire

Hillsborough County is outlined, with arrows tracing its largest moves to and from other New Hampshire counties. Hover any county for its figures; click to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
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Where movers came from

  1. 1Middlesex County, MA2,099$212.5M
  2. 2Rockingham County, NH1,708$130.5M
  3. 3Merrimack County, NH1,059$71.5M
  4. 4Essex County, MA659$49.4M
  5. 5Worcester County, MA348$32.6M
  6. 6Suffolk County, MA304$32.4M
  7. 7Cheshire County, NH255$19.3M
  8. 8Strafford County, NH219$16.6M
  9. 9Belknap County, NH204$20.4M
  10. 10Norfolk County, MA155$17.7M
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Where movers went

  1. 1Rockingham County, NH1,656$154.2M
  2. 2Merrimack County, NH1,362$135M
  3. 3Middlesex County, MA1,149$89.9M
  4. 4Essex County, MA422$37.3M
  5. 5Cheshire County, NH330$21.2M
  6. 6Strafford County, NH291$19.6M
  7. 7Suffolk County, MA284$20.5M
  8. 8Belknap County, NH248$28.6M
  9. 9Worcester County, MA240$16.8M
  10. 10Grafton County, NH140$15.2M
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Churn by county · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

Rockingham County, NH1,7081,656+52-$23.8M
Middlesex County, MA2,0991,149+950+$122.6M
Merrimack County, NH1,0591,362-303-$63.5M
Essex County, MA659422+237+$12.1M
Worcester County, MA348240+108+$15.8M
Suffolk County, MA304284+20+$11.9M
Cheshire County, NH255330-75-$1.9M
Strafford County, NH219291-72-$3M
Belknap County, NH204248-44-$8.1M
Norfolk County, MA155136+19+$5.2M
Grafton County, NH143140+3-$5.9M
York County, ME72131-59-$9.9M

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: -$605.4M (-2,758 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012-$170.9M-1,386
2013-$60.2M-194
2014-$62.6M-616
2015-$275.3M-254
2016-$18.6M-17
2017-$24.3M-299
2018-$82.6M+4
2019-$26.6M+152
2020-$36.2M-245
2021+$179.4M+323
2022-$10.7M+58
2023-$16.6M-284
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the county?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 284 more people left Hillsborough County, NH than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $16.6M in income (nominal) — in a county of 427,475 people.

Population
427,475
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
-0.7
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about -7 people.
Net income per resident
−$39
nominal dollars
-$16.6M total across 427,475 residents.

The rate lets you compare Hillsborough County, NH with a countyof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the county’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+4,190
Deaths
-3,906
Net domestic migration
-876
Net international migration
+1,841
Total change
+1,146

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around Hillsborough County, NH run about 6% above the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $95 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person
$76,773
what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)
10% above the U.S. average
Price level
105.6
100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)
everyday costs about 5.6% higher than average
What that income buys
$72,687
local income restated at U.S.-average prices
4% above the U.S. average
Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

Cost of living shown for the Manchester-Nashua, NH metro area (BEA publishes price parities by metro, not by county).

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents127.6
Goods98.7
Utilities151.6
Other services104.1

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of Hillsborough County, NH

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
41.0
years
Median household income
$100,436
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
28% above the U.S. median
College degree
41%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
6.5%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
27 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
93%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 81%Hispanic 8%Black 2%Asian 4%Other 4%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$385,500
owner-occupied homes
27% above the U.S. median
Median rent
$1,532
gross rent per month
14% above the U.S. median
Homeownership
68%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+8.9%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+59%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
1,382new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 38%Multifamily 62%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
2.4%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
239,438
233,715 employed
Disaster declarations
major federal, 2023

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
3.2%
April 2026 · ▼ 0.1 points vs April 2025
January 2024April 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this county, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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How Hillsborough County, NH has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
2024118,776112,0573,607D +2.9234,440
2020122,344104,6253,972D +7.7230,941
201699,589100,01314,555R +0.2214,157
2012102,30399,9913,378D +1.1205,672
2008104,82097,1782,711D +3.7204,709
200494,12199,7241,582R +2.9195,427
200077,62580,6497,487R +1.8165,761

Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

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