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Hawaii County, HI

Migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
110
10% above the U.S. average
Median home value
$486,400
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+53.1%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$1,411
national $1,348
Homeownership
73%
national 65%
Unemployment
3.1%
national 3.6%
Household income
$77,215
national $78,538
Median age
44.1 yrs
national 38.7

Cost of living is the statewide price level for Hawaii (state avg).

The cost of living runs about 10% above the national average. The median home is valued at $486,400 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 53% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,411 a month. Unemployment averaged 3.1% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $77,215. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Hawaii County, HI saw a net gain of 404 tax-filing households and a net gain of 943 individuals. Against a population of about 207,615, that is a net inflow of about 4.5 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area gained $117.2M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 614 households, came from Honolulu County; the largest outflow, about 554 households, went to Honolulu County. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net gain of 1,339 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
+$117.2M
nominal dollars
Net households
+404
tax returns
Net people
+943
exemptions

+4.5 net people per 1,000 residents (population 207,615)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$348.4M
Moved out$231.3M
Net +$117.2M (nominal)
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Hawaii County within Hawaii

Hawaii County is outlined, with arrows tracing its largest moves to and from other Hawaii counties. Hover any county for its figures; click to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
Loading map…

Churn by county · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

Honolulu County, HI614554+60+$6M
Clark County, NV95173-78-$3.5M
Los Angeles County, CA13491+43+$10.5M
Maricopa County, AZ98104-6+$3.3M
King County, WA11090+20+$18M
San Diego County, CA11346+67+$7.4M
Orange County, CA7138+33+$4.3M
Multnomah County, OR5229+23+$2.8M
Riverside County, CA4831+17+$4.7M
Santa Clara County, CA4624+22+$6.5M
Pierce County, WA3235-3+$1.2M
Spokane County, WA2635-9-$184K

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: +$1.3B (+13,805 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012+$54.7M+718
2013+$135.6M+1,407
2014+$88.3M+1,367
2015+$58.4M+495
2016+$102.1M+1,211
2017+$144.3M+1,666
2018+$59.7M+424
2019+$73M+420
2020+$96.5M+1,590
2021+$208.4M+2,225
2022+$154M+1,339
2023+$117.2M+943
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the county?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 943 more people moved into Hawaii County, HI than left (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net gain of about $117.2M in income (nominal) — in a county of 207,476 people.

Population
207,476
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
+4.5
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about +45 people.
Net income per resident
+$565
nominal dollars
+$117.2M total across 207,476 residents.

The rate lets you compare Hawaii County, HI with a countyof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the county’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+2,062
Deaths
-2,082
Net domestic migration
+750
Net international migration
+751
Total change
+1,445

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around Hawaii County, HI run about 10% above the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $91 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person
$54,728
what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)
22% below the U.S. average
Price level
109.7
100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)
everyday costs about 9.7% higher than average
What that income buys
$49,887
local income restated at U.S.-average prices
29% below the U.S. average
Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

This county isn't in a metro area that BEA prices separately, so cost of living shows the Hawaii (state avg) figure.

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents128.7
Goods110.3
Utilities191.7
Other services102.1

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of Hawaii County, HI

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
44.1
years
Median household income
$77,215
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
2% below the U.S. median
College degree
31%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
14.6%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
28 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
90%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 30%Hispanic 12%Black 1%Asian 21%Other 37%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$486,400
owner-occupied homes
60% above the U.S. median
Median rent
$1,411
gross rent per month
5% above the U.S. median
Homeownership
73%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+5.7%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+53%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
1,181new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 94%Multifamily 6%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
3.1%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
90,218
87,406 employed
Disaster declarations
1
major federal, 2023
most common: Fire

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
3.0%
April 2026 · ▲ 0.5 points vs April 2025
January 2024April 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this county, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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How Hawaii County, HI has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
202452,16328,7481,912D +28.382,823
202058,73126,8972,186D +36.387,814
201641,25917,5016,107D +36.664,867
201247,22414,7531,477D +51.263,454
200850,81914,8661,231D +53.766,916
200435,11622,032554D +22.757,702
200028,67017,0505,140D +22.850,860

Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

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