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Black Hawk County, IA

Migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
88
12% below the U.S. average
Median home value
$182,400
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+32.9%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$962
national $1,348
Homeownership
65%
national 65%
Unemployment
3.1%
national 3.6%
Household income
$64,581
national $78,538
Median age
35.7 yrs
national 38.7

Cost of living is the metro-area price level for Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA.

The cost of living runs about 12% below the national average. The median home is valued at $182,400 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 33% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $962 a month. Unemployment averaged 3.1% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $64,581. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Black Hawk County, IA saw a net loss of 25 tax-filing households and a net loss of 147 individuals. Against a population of about 130,471, that is a net outflow of about 1.1 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $20M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 200 households, came from Bremer County; the largest outflow, about 244 households, went to Polk County. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net loss of 773 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
-$20M
nominal dollars
Net households
-25
tax returns
Net people
-147
exemptions

-1.1 net people per 1,000 residents (population 130,471)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$138.1M
Moved out$158.1M
Net -$20M (nominal)
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Black Hawk County within Iowa

Black Hawk County is outlined, with arrows tracing its largest moves to and from other Iowa counties. Hover any county for its figures; click to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
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Where movers came from

  1. 1Bremer County, IA200$10.8M
  2. 2Linn County, IA143$5.6M
  3. 3Polk County, IA127$6.7M
  4. 4Buchanan County, IA123$5.7M
  5. 5Grundy County, IA113$6.3M
  6. 6Butler County, IA87$4.2M
  7. 7Tama County, IA67$4.3M
  8. 8Johnson County, IA63$3.1M
  9. 9Fayette County, IA53$1.9M
  10. 10Benton County, IA46$2.6M
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Where movers went

  1. 1Polk County, IA244$12.3M
  2. 2Bremer County, IA208$12.5M
  3. 3Linn County, IA176$9.3M
  4. 4Buchanan County, IA99$6.2M
  5. 5Grundy County, IA91$6.1M
  6. 6Johnson County, IA80$3.6M
  7. 7Butler County, IA77$3.9M
  8. 8Dallas County, IA70$5M
  9. 9Tama County, IA57$3.5M
  10. 10Story County, IA48$2M
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Churn by county · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

Bremer County, IA200208-8-$1.7M
Polk County, IA127244-117-$5.6M
Linn County, IA143176-33-$3.6M
Buchanan County, IA12399+24-$537K
Grundy County, IA11391+22+$269K
Butler County, IA8777+10+$318K
Johnson County, IA6380-17-$455K
Tama County, IA6757+10+$806K
Dallas County, IA3370-37-$3.1M
Story County, IA4548-3-$109K
Fayette County, IA5333+20+$534K
Benton County, IA4633+13+$1.1M

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: -$505.2M (-11,415 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012-$26.4M-292
2013-$51.8M-895
2014-$28.3M-689
2015-$15.5M-294
2016-$64.8M-2,043
2017-$74.4M-2,258
2018-$35M-715
2019-$42.8M-843
2020-$34.8M-1,186
2021-$43.3M-1,280
2022-$68.2M-773
2023-$20M-147
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the county?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 147 more people left Black Hawk County, IA than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $20M in income (nominal) — in a county of 130,812 people.

Population
130,812
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
-1.1
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about -11 people.
Net income per resident
−$153
nominal dollars
-$20M total across 130,812 residents.

The rate lets you compare Black Hawk County, IA with a countyof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the county’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+1,569
Deaths
-1,395
Net domestic migration
-9
Net international migration
+714
Total change
+849

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around Black Hawk County, IA run about 12% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $114 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person
$55,508
what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)
21% below the U.S. average
Price level
88.0
100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)
everyday costs about 12.0% lower than average
What that income buys
$63,109
local income restated at U.S.-average prices
10% below the U.S. average
Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

Cost of living shown for the Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA metro area (BEA publishes price parities by metro, not by county).

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents62.2
Goods96.6
Utilities87.0
Other services92.3

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of Black Hawk County, IA

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
35.7
years
Median household income
$64,581
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
18% below the U.S. median
College degree
30%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
14.7%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
16 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
88%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 79%Hispanic 5%Black 9%Asian 2%Other 4%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$182,400
owner-occupied homes
40% below the U.S. median
Median rent
$962
gross rent per month
29% below the U.S. median
Homeownership
65%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+9.2%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+33%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
420new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 42%Multifamily 58%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
3.1%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
68,566
66,426 employed
Disaster declarations
major federal, 2023

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
3.1%
April 2026 · ▼ 0.4 points vs April 2025
January 2024April 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this county, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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How Black Hawk County, IA has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
202431,29930,5721,035D +1.163,279
202035,64729,8131,133D +8.866,593
201632,23327,4764,696D +7.464,405
201239,82126,2351,085D +20.267,141
200839,18424,662929D +22.464,775
200435,39228,046469D +11.563,907
200030,11223,4681,505D +12.155,085

Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

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