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Elkhart County, IN

Migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
93
7% below the U.S. average
Median home value
$194,400
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+50.9%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$1,023
national $1,348
Homeownership
71%
national 65%
Unemployment
4.5%
national 3.6%
Household income
$65,617
national $78,538
Median age
35.5 yrs
national 38.7

Cost of living is the metro-area price level for Elkhart-Goshen, IN.

The cost of living runs about 7% below the national average. The median home is valued at $194,400 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 51% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,023 a month. Unemployment averaged 4.5% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $65,617. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Elkhart County, IN saw a net loss of 711 tax-filing households and a net loss of 1,221 individuals. Against a population of about 206,409, that is a net outflow of about 5.9 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $56.2M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 1,090 households, came from St. Joseph County; the largest outflow, about 1,161 households, went to St. Joseph County. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net loss of 854 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
-$56.2M
nominal dollars
Net households
-711
tax returns
Net people
-1,221
exemptions

-5.9 net people per 1,000 residents (population 206,409)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$220.4M
Moved out$276.6M
Net -$56.2M (nominal)
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Elkhart County within Indiana

Elkhart County is outlined, with arrows tracing its largest moves to and from other Indiana counties. Hover any county for its figures; click to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
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Where movers came from

  1. 1St. Joseph County, IN1,090$63.6M
  2. 2Kosciusko County, IN297$16.4M
  3. 3LaGrange County, IN204$14.9M
  4. 4Cass County, MI201$9.6M
  5. 5Marshall County, IN116$6.1M
  6. 6St. Joseph County, MI108$5.2M
  7. 7Noble County, IN83$4.4M
  8. 8Cook County, IL71$3.8M
  9. 9Berrien County, MI66$2.4M
  10. 10Marion County, IN64$2.6M
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Where movers went

  1. 1St. Joseph County, IN1,161$59.5M
  2. 2Kosciusko County, IN309$18.7M
  3. 3Cass County, MI223$22.2M
  4. 4Marion County, IN167$8.5M
  5. 5LaGrange County, IN147$10.6M
  6. 6St. Joseph County, MI124$7.7M
  7. 7Marshall County, IN114$5.5M
  8. 8Allen County, IN112$4.9M
  9. 9Noble County, IN106$5M
  10. 10Cook County, IL91$3.7M
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Churn by county · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

St. Joseph County, IN1,0901,161-71+$4.1M
Kosciusko County, IN297309-12-$2.4M
Cass County, MI201223-22-$12.7M
LaGrange County, IN204147+57+$4.3M
St. Joseph County, MI108124-16-$2.5M
Marion County, IN64167-103-$5.9M
Marshall County, IN116114+2+$633K
Noble County, IN83106-23-$626K
Cook County, IL7191-20+$182K
Allen County, IN41112-71-$3M
Berrien County, MI6679-13-$2.2M
Kalamazoo County, MI3943-4-$298K

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: -$408M (-5,892 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012-$22.9M-513
2013-$1.8M+296
2014-$3.9M+126
2015-$53.1M+141
2016+$27.8M-502
2017-$40.7M-715
2018-$29.3M-220
2019-$53.9M-558
2020-$32.2M-1,127
2021-$60.2M-745
2022-$81.5M-854
2023-$56.2M-1,221
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the county?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 1,221 more people left Elkhart County, IN than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $56.2M in income (nominal) — in a county of 207,133 people.

Population
207,133
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
-5.9
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about -59 people.
Net income per resident
−$271
nominal dollars
-$56.2M total across 207,133 residents.

The rate lets you compare Elkhart County, IN with a countyof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the county’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+2,944
Deaths
-1,937
Net domestic migration
-1,965
Net international migration
+904
Total change
-52

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around Elkhart County, IN run about 7% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $108 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person
$58,040
what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)
17% below the U.S. average
Price level
92.5
100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)
everyday costs about 7.5% lower than average
What that income buys
$62,715
local income restated at U.S.-average prices
10% below the U.S. average
Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

Cost of living shown for the Elkhart-Goshen, IN metro area (BEA publishes price parities by metro, not by county).

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents77.0
Goods94.8
Utilities85.4
Other services97.3

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of Elkhart County, IN

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
35.5
years
Median household income
$65,617
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
16% below the U.S. median
College degree
20%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
12.5%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
19 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
88%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 71%Hispanic 20%Black 5%Asian 1%Other 4%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$194,400
owner-occupied homes
36% below the U.S. median
Median rent
$1,023
gross rent per month
24% below the U.S. median
Homeownership
71%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+6.7%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+51%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
287new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 97%Multifamily 3%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
4.5%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
101,334
96,782 employed
Disaster declarations
major federal, 2023

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
2.7%
April 2026 · ▼ 0.7 points vs April 2025
January 2024April 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this county, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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How Elkhart County, IN has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
202423,08245,6521,031R +32.469,765
202026,10846,9721,307R +28.074,387
201620,74041,8673,023R +32.265,630
201224,39942,3781,075R +26.567,852
200831,39839,396664R +11.271,458
200417,96642,967447R +40.761,380
200016,40236,7561,324R +37.454,482

Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

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