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Oakland County, MI

Migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
98
2% below the U.S. average
Median home value
$320,400
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+40.1%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$1,319
national $1,348
Homeownership
72%
national 65%
Unemployment
2.9%
national 3.6%
Household income
$95,296
national $78,538
Median age
41.2 yrs
national 38.7

Cost of living is the metro-area price level for Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI.

The cost of living runs about 2% below the national average. The median home is valued at $320,400 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 40% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,319 a month. Unemployment averaged 2.9% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $95,296. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Oakland County, MI saw a net loss of 3,230 tax-filing households and a net loss of 5,444 individuals. Against a population of about 1,270,426, that is a net outflow of about 4.3 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $478.9M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 8,467 households, came from Wayne County; the largest outflow, about 7,246 households, went to Wayne County. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net loss of 6,824 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
-$478.9M
nominal dollars
Net households
-3,230
tax returns
Net people
-5,444
exemptions

-4.3 net people per 1,000 residents (population 1,270,426)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$2.5B
Moved out$3B
Net -$478.9M (nominal)
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Oakland County within Michigan

Oakland County is outlined, with arrows tracing its largest moves to and from other Michigan counties. Hover any county for its figures; click to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
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Where movers came from

  1. 1Wayne County, MI8,467$583.4M
  2. 2Macomb County, MI5,056$369.6M
  3. 3Genesee County, MI1,344$80M
  4. 4Washtenaw County, MI1,066$87.2M
  5. 5Livingston County, MI984$75.1M
  6. 6Cook County, IL474$73.8M
  7. 7Ingham County, MI431$30.8M
  8. 8Kent County, MI415$28.6M
  9. 9Lapeer County, MI354$21.1M
  10. 10St. Clair County, MI269$18.7M
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Where movers went

  1. 1Wayne County, MI7,246$454.7M
  2. 2Macomb County, MI5,180$338M
  3. 3Genesee County, MI1,536$101.7M
  4. 4Livingston County, MI1,184$112.7M
  5. 5Washtenaw County, MI1,017$89.5M
  6. 6Cook County, IL876$69.7M
  7. 7Kent County, MI505$38.1M
  8. 8Lapeer County, MI481$39.5M
  9. 9Ingham County, MI354$17.9M
  10. 10Los Angeles County, CA319$32.9M
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Churn by county · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

Wayne County, MI8,4677,246+1,221+$128.7M
Macomb County, MI5,0565,180-124+$31.6M
Genesee County, MI1,3441,536-192-$21.7M
Livingston County, MI9841,184-200-$37.6M
Washtenaw County, MI1,0661,017+49-$2.3M
Cook County, IL474876-402+$4.1M
Kent County, MI415505-90-$9.4M
Lapeer County, MI354481-127-$18.4M
Ingham County, MI431354+77+$12.9M
Los Angeles County, CA242319-77-$7.7M
Maricopa County, AZ267274-7-$2.1M
St. Clair County, MI269239+30+$3M

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: -$4.8B (-36,433 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012-$47.9M+3,095
2013-$34.5M+530
2014-$1.2B-3,546
2015+$10.4M-1,001
2016-$222.7M-2,119
2017-$282.5M-4,731
2018-$188.7M-2,758
2019-$295.4M-4,965
2020-$548M-4,294
2021-$468.1M-4,376
2022-$1.1B-6,824
2023-$478.9M-5,444
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the county?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 5,444 more people left Oakland County, MI than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $478.9M in income (nominal) — in a county of 1,274,993 people.

Population
1,274,993
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
-4.3
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about -43 people.
Net income per resident
−$376
nominal dollars
-$478.9M total across 1,274,993 residents.

The rate lets you compare Oakland County, MI with a countyof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the county’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+12,240
Deaths
-11,611
Net domestic migration
-9,182
Net international migration
+10,778
Total change
+2,206

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around Oakland County, MI run about 2% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $102 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person
$90,428
what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)
29% above the U.S. average
Price level
98.2
100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)
everyday costs about 1.8% lower than average
What that income buys
$92,098
local income restated at U.S.-average prices
32% above the U.S. average
Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

Cost of living shown for the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI metro area (BEA publishes price parities by metro, not by county).

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents93.1
Goods97.9
Utilities106.8
Other services99.5

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of Oakland County, MI

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
41.2
years
Median household income
$95,296
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
21% above the U.S. median
College degree
50%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
7.7%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
26 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
94%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 69%Hispanic 5%Black 13%Asian 8%Other 5%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$320,400
owner-occupied homes
6% above the U.S. median
Median rent
$1,319
gross rent per month
2% below the U.S. median
Homeownership
72%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+6.3%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+40%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
2,328new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 76%Multifamily 24%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
2.9%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
685,519
665,542 employed
Disaster declarations
major federal, 2023

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
3.5%
April 2026 · ▲ 0.3 points vs April 2025
January 2024April 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this county, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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How Oakland County, MI has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
2024419,519337,79114,835D +10.6772,145
2020434,148325,97110,232D +14.0770,351
2016343,070289,20332,341D +8.1664,614
2012349,002296,5146,091D +8.1651,607
2008372,566276,9569,546D +14.5659,068
2004319,387316,6335,957D +0.4641,977
2000281,201274,31914,745D +1.2570,265

Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

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