Michigan

State-to-state migration of people and income, 2022–2023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living

6% below the U.S. average

Median home value

$217,600

national $303,400

Home prices, 5 years

+47.0%

over the 5 years to 2023

Monthly rent

$1,084

national $1,348

Homeownership

73%

national 65%

Unemployment

3.9%

national 3.6%

Household income

$71,149

national $78,538

Median age

40.1 yrs

national 38.7

The cost of living runs about 6% below the national average. The median home is valued at $217,600 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 47% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,084 a month. Unemployment averaged 3.9% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $71,149. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Michigan saw a net loss of 9,487 tax-filing households and a net loss of 9,417 individuals. Against a population of about 10,037,261, that is a net outflow of about 0.9 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $1B in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 8,263 households, came from Florida; the largest outflow, about 10,659 households, went to Florida. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net loss of 13,015 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)

-$1B

nominal dollars

Net households

-9,487

tax returns

Net people

-9,417

exemptions

-0.9 net people per 1,000 residents (population 10,037,261)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$5.4B

Moved out$6.5B

Net -$1B (nominal)

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Michigan counties

Net migration by county. Hover for figures; click a county to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)

Top origin states

1Florida8,263$639.9M
2Ohio5,728$393.6M
3Illinois5,300$567.1M
4Indiana5,153$338.6M
5Texas5,039$331.5M
6California4,987$478.8M
7New York2,560$199.6M
8Arizona2,521$175.6M
9Wisconsin2,334$148.8M
10Georgia2,278$121.4M

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Top destination states

1Florida10,659$1.3B
2Texas6,285$481.2M
3Ohio5,970$358.1M
4Illinois5,881$440.6M
5California5,218$498M
6Indiana4,718$295M
7North Carolina3,080$241.2M
8New York2,871$225.7M
9Georgia2,816$196.7M
10Tennessee2,802$204M

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Churn by state · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 2022–2023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.


Florida	8,263	10,659	-2,396	-$624.7M
Ohio	5,728	5,970	-242	+$35.5M
Texas	5,039	6,285	-1,246	-$149.6M
Illinois	5,300	5,881	-581	+$126.5M
California	4,987	5,218	-231	-$19.2M
Indiana	5,153	4,718	+435	+$43.6M
New York	2,560	2,871	-311	-$26.1M
North Carolina	2,083	3,080	-997	-$102.7M
Georgia	2,278	2,816	-538	-$75.2M
Arizona	2,521	2,568	-47	-$27.3M
Wisconsin	2,334	2,726	-392	-$8.9M
Tennessee	2,102	2,802	-700	-$80M

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: -$9.3B (-142,334 people)

20122023

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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
Year	Net AGI	Net people
2012	-$543.4M	-17,185
2013	-$621.3M	-13,786
2014	-$726.1M	-24,587
2015	-$648.1M	-16,518
2016	-$723.3M	-12,180
2017	-$467.9M	-2,405
2018	-$563.6M	-7,497
2019	-$1.1B	-13,819
2020	-$383.2M	-6,730
2021	-$1.1B	-5,195
2022	-$1.4B	-13,015
2023	-$1B	-9,417

Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the state?

In the 2022–2023 filing year, about 9,417 more people left Michigan than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $1B in income (nominal) — in a state of 10,062,124 people.

Population

10,062,124

Census 2023 estimate

Net migration rate

-0.9

net people per 1,000 residents

A town of 10,000 would net about -9 people.

Net income per resident

−$102

nominal dollars

≈ -$1B total across 10,062,124 residents.

The rate lets you compare Michigan with a stateof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the state’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births

+100,955

Deaths

-106,173

Net domestic migration

-17,137

Net international migration

+41,616

Total change

+18,218

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around Michigan run about 6% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $106 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person

$61,206

what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)

13% below the U.S. average

Price level

94.3

100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)

everyday costs about 5.7% lower than average

What that income buys

$64,908

local income restated at U.S.-average prices

7% below the U.S. average

Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

Price parity shown at the state level (BEA does not publish a single figure below the metro level).

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents78.9

Goods95.8

Utilities99.7

Other services98.5

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of Michigan

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age

40.1

years

Median household income

$71,149

per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)

9% below the U.S. median

College degree

32%

adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher

Poverty rate

13.1%

residents below the poverty line

Average commute

24 min

mean travel time to work

Broadband at home

89%

households with any broadband

Race and ethnicity (share of residents)

White 73%Hispanic 6%Black 13%Asian 3%Other 5%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value

$217,600

owner-occupied homes

28% below the U.S. median

Median rent

$1,084

gross rent per month

20% below the U.S. median

Homeownership

73%

of occupied homes are owner-occupied

Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023

Past year

+7.3%

price change, 2022 to 2023

Past 5 years

+47%

price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023

20,592new housing units authorized in 2023

Single-family 70%Multifamily 30%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate

3.9%

BLS 2023 annual average

Labor force

5,003,879

4,807,826 employed

Disaster declarations

—

major federal, 2023

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now

5.2%

May 2026 · ▲ 0.1 points vs May 2025

January 2024May 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this state, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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Who’s moving by income

Net migration by income bracket

Tax-filing households that moved into Michigan minus those that left, by the adjusted gross income they reported, 2022–2023. Positive means more arrived than left at that income level.

$1–$10k

+1,422

In 8,984Out 7,562+$12.3M AGI

$10k–$25k

-2,014

In 14,163Out 16,177-$37.8M AGI

$25k–$50k

-3,467

In 17,419Out 20,886-$128.5M AGI

$50k–$75k

-1,776

In 10,390Out 12,166-$108.9M AGI

$75k–$100k

-1,038

In 6,563Out 7,601-$89.3M AGI

$100k–$200k

-1,560

In 10,076Out 11,636-$218.4M AGI

$200k+

-807

In 4,609Out 5,416-$464.7M AGI

Among the highest earners ($200k+), Michigan ranks #39 of 51 states for net household migration (-807).

Source: IRS Statistics of Income, state-level gross migration file (returns with negative AGI are excluded, so this won’t exactly match the totals above). Income is what filers reported, not a reason anyone moved. Compare all states by income bracket. How the data works.

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Goods trade

What Michigan ships and receives

Physical goods shipped between Michigan and other states, 2022. This is freight, not the migration of people or income shown above.

$332.6B

Ships to other states

+20% since 2017

$384.9B

Receives from states

+43% since 2017

-$52.3B

Net balance

Top goods shipped out

Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts)

$173.5B

Machinery

$52.5B

Mixed freight

$36.8B

Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment

$35.1B

Other prepared foodstuffs and fats and oils

$28.1B

Plastics and rubber

$23.9B

Top goods received

Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts)

$107.3B

Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment

$49.8B

Machinery

$42.1B

Mixed freight

$36.4B

Plastics and rubber

$31.6B

Base metal in primary or semi-finished forms and in finished basic shapes

$30.1B

Biggest trading partners (both ways)

Goods trade runs in both directions: states swap different goods, so a partner is often near the top of both columns. Net is ships minus receives (positive means Michigan ships more to that partner than it gets back).

Partner	Ships to	Receives	Net	Total
Indiana	$30.6B	$58.5B	-$27.9B	$89.1B
Ohio	$36.8B	$49.8B	-$13.0B	$86.6B
Illinois	$25.6B	$40.4B	-$14.8B	$65.9B
Texas	$39.6B	$20.7B	+$18.8B	$60.3B
California	$18.8B	$24.1B	-$5.3B	$42.9B
Kentucky	$18.4B	$15.6B	+$2.8B	$34.0B
Wisconsin	$12.3B	$17.4B	-$5.1B	$29.6B
Tennessee	$11.0B	$15.9B	-$5.0B	$26.9B

Goods shipped every five years by the Census Commodity Flow Survey (a sample, so figures are estimates and the smallest flows are withheld). Value is nominal. The totals and partner table above count trade between Michigan and other states; the goods lists count everything the state ships or receives, including within-state shipments. Compare all states. How the data works.

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Taxes the state collects

What Michigan collects in taxes

Total state taxes

$38.3B

FY 2023, nominal

Per resident

$3,802

total state taxes ÷ population

Largest categories (share of total)

General sales & gross receipts$12.9B · 34%

Individual income tax$11.5B · 30%

Corporation net income tax$3.2B · 8%

Property taxes$2.7B · 7%

Other selective sales tax$2B · 5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections. This is what the state government collected (not local taxes), not a measure of any individual’s tax burden. How the data works.

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Elections

National maps →

How Michigan has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

President, 1976–2024

Year	Democratic	Republican	Other	Margin	Total
2024	2,736,533	2,816,636	111,017	R +1.4	5,664,186
2020	2,804,040	2,649,852	85,410	D +2.8	5,539,302
2016	2,268,839	2,279,543	250,902	R +0.2	4,799,284
2012	2,564,569	2,115,256	51,136	D +9.5	4,730,961
2008	2,872,579	2,048,639	80,548	D +16.5	5,001,766
2004	2,479,183	2,313,746	46,323	D +3.4	4,839,252
2000	2,170,418	1,953,139	109,154	D +5.1	4,232,711
1996	1,989,653	1,481,212	377,979	D +13.2	3,848,844
1992	1,871,182	1,554,940	848,551	D +7.4	4,274,673
1988	1,675,783	1,965,486	27,894	R +7.9	3,669,163
1984	1,529,638	2,251,571	20,449	R +19.0	3,801,658
1980	1,661,532	1,915,225	332,968	R +6.5	3,909,725
1976	1,696,714	1,893,742	61,134	R +5.4	3,651,590

U.S. Senate races · all states →

Year	Winner	Democratic	Republican	Other	Margin
2024	Elissa Slotkin	2,712,686	2,693,680	170,821	D +0.3
2020	Gary Peters	2,734,568	2,642,233	102,919	D +1.7
2018	Debbie Stabenow	2,214,478	1,938,818	83,957	D +6.5
2014	Gary C. Peters	1,704,936	1,290,199	126,563	D +13.3
2012	Debbie Stabenow	2,735,826	1,767,386	149,637	D +20.8
2008	Carl Levin	3,038,386	1,641,070	169,164	D +28.8
2006	Debbie Stabenow	2,151,278	1,559,597	69,243	D +15.7
2002	Carl Levin	1,896,614	1,185,545	47,128	D +22.7
2000	Debbie Stabenow	2,061,952	1,994,693	111,040	D +1.6

U.S. House seats won · district maps →

2024

D 6 · R 7

2022

D 7 · R 6

2020

D 7 · R 7

2018

D 7 · R 7

2016

D 5 · R 9

2014

D 5 · R 9

2012

D 5 · R 9

2010

D 6 · R 9

2008

D 8 · R 7

2006

D 6 · R 9

2004

D 6 · R 9

2002

D 6 · R 9

2000

D 9 · R 7

2024 results by county

Republican wonDemocratic wonIndependent / other

Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

Counties in Michigan (83)

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