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Wyoming

State-to-state migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
92
8% below the U.S. average
Median home value
$285,100
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+43.7%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$968
national $1,348
Homeownership
72%
national 65%
Unemployment
2.9%
national 3.6%
Household income
$74,815
national $78,538
Median age
38.8 yrs
national 38.7

The cost of living runs about 8% below the national average. The median home is valued at $285,100 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 44% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $968 a month. Unemployment averaged 2.9% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $74,815. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Wyoming saw a net gain of 153 tax-filing households and a net gain of 337 individuals. Against a population of about 584,057, that is a net inflow of about 0.6 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area gained $145.1M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 2,280 households, came from Colorado; the largest outflow, about 1,874 households, went to Colorado. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net gain of 2,539 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
+$145.1M
nominal dollars
Net households
+153
tax returns
Net people
+337
exemptions

+0.6 net people per 1,000 residents (population 584,057)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$1B
Moved out$877.2M
Net +$145.1M (nominal)
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Wyoming counties

Net migration by county. Hover for figures; click a county to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
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Top origin states

  1. 1Colorado2,280$179.2M
  2. 2California1,092$157.1M
  3. 3Utah820$51.3M
  4. 4Texas757$65.6M
  5. 5Montana643$35.9M
  6. 6Idaho511$28.9M
  7. 7Arizona494$36.6M
  8. 8Florida453$32.5M
  9. 9Washington445$69.1M
  10. 10Oregon381$24.3M
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Top destination states

  1. 1Colorado1,874$129.9M
  2. 2Utah958$61.1M
  3. 3Texas827$64.1M
  4. 4Montana700$42.1M
  5. 5Idaho645$46.5M
  6. 6Arizona619$44.8M
  7. 7California609$57.8M
  8. 8Florida501$55M
  9. 9South Dakota453$25.6M
  10. 10Nebraska387$19.8M
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Churn by state · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

Colorado2,2801,874+406+$49.3M
Utah820958-138-$9.7M
California1,092609+483+$99.2M
Texas757827-70+$1.5M
Montana643700-57-$6.2M
Idaho511645-134-$17.6M
Arizona494619-125-$8.2M
Florida453501-48-$22.5M
Washington445373+72+$46.5M
South Dakota364453-89-$4M
Nebraska375387-12+$1.7M
Oregon381263+118+$9.5M

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: +$3.6B (-5,568 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012+$212.5M+3,286
2013+$219.6M+186
2014+$67.4M-1,504
2015+$221.6M+198
2016+$107.4M-3,649
2017-$79.3M-9,217
2018+$64.9M-1,759
2019+$221.6M+418
2020+$863.2M+1,504
2021+$548.5M+2,093
2022+$984M+2,539
2023+$145.1M+337
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the state?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 337 more people moved into Wyoming than left (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net gain of about $145.1M in income (nominal) — in a state of 584,666 people.

Population
584,666
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
+0.6
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about +6 people.
Net income per resident
+$248
nominal dollars
+$145.1M total across 584,666 residents.

The rate lets you compare Wyoming with a stateof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the state’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+6,065
Deaths
-5,701
Net domestic migration
+1,776
Net international migration
+816
Total change
+2,924

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around Wyoming run about 8% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $109 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person
$83,038
what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)
19% above the U.S. average
Price level
91.6
100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)
everyday costs about 8.4% lower than average
What that income buys
$90,701
local income restated at U.S.-average prices
30% above the U.S. average
Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

Price parity shown at the state level (BEA does not publish a single figure below the metro level).

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents75.7
Goods97.1
Utilities74.1
Other services94.8

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of Wyoming

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
38.8
years
Median household income
$74,815
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
5% below the U.S. median
College degree
30%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
10.7%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
19 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
89%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 82%Hispanic 10%Black 1%Asian 1%Other 6%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$285,100
owner-occupied homes
6% below the U.S. median
Median rent
$968
gross rent per month
28% below the U.S. median
Homeownership
72%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+5.7%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+44%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
1,681new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 84%Multifamily 16%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
2.9%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
293,568
285,002 employed
Disaster declarations
1
major federal, 2023
most common: Flood

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
2.7%
May 2026 · ▼ 0.4 points vs May 2025
January 2024May 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this state, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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Who’s moving by income

Net migration by income bracket

Tax-filing households that moved into Wyoming minus those that left, by the adjusted gross income they reported, 20222023. Positive means more arrived than left at that income level.

$1–$10k
+37
In 1,129Out 1,092+$23K AGI
$10k–$25k
-141
In 2,443Out 2,584-$2.6M AGI
$25k–$50k
-46
In 3,498Out 3,544-$367K AGI
$50k–$75k
+64
In 2,006Out 1,942+$3.4M AGI
$75k–$100k
+49
In 1,162Out 1,113+$4M AGI
$100k–$200k
+50
In 1,716Out 1,666+$8.3M AGI
$200k+
+124
In 709Out 585+$131.8M AGI

Among the highest earners ($200k+), Wyoming ranks #23 of 51 states for net household migration (+124).

Source: IRS Statistics of Income, state-level gross migration file (returns with negative AGI are excluded, so this won’t exactly match the totals above). Income is what filers reported, not a reason anyone moved. Compare all states by income bracket. How the data works.

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Goods trade

What Wyoming ships and receives

Physical goods shipped between Wyoming and other states, 2022. This is freight, not the migration of people or income shown above.

$12.6B
Ships to other states
+10% since 2017
$26.0B
Receives from states
+78% since 2017
-$13.4B
Net balance

Top goods shipped out

Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel
$5.3B
Basic chemicals
$3.2B
Coal
$3.2B
Mixed freight
$1.9B
Fuel oils
$1.7B
Other coal and petroleum products, not elsewhere classified
$1.6B

Top goods received

Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel
$5.0B
Mixed freight
$2.4B
Fuel oils
$1.5B
Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts)
$1.4B
Machinery
$1.3B
Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment
$1.1B

Biggest trading partners (both ways)

Goods trade runs in both directions: states swap different goods, so a partner is often near the top of both columns. Net is ships minus receives (positive means Wyoming ships more to that partner than it gets back).

PartnerShips toReceivesNetTotal
Colorado$2.6B$5.8B-$3.2B$8.5B
Utah$639M$6.3B-$5.6B$6.9B
Texas$2.3B$1.2B+$1.1B$3.5B
Montana$458M$2.2B-$1.7B$2.6B
California$475M$1.5B-$1.1B$2.0B
Nebraska$678M$935M-$257M$1.6B
Idaho$441M$858M-$417M$1.3B
Illinois$370M$735M-$365M$1.1B

Goods shipped every five years by the Census Commodity Flow Survey (a sample, so figures are estimates and the smallest flows are withheld). Value is nominal. The totals and partner table above count trade between Wyoming and other states; the goods lists count everything the state ships or receives, including within-state shipments. Compare all states. How the data works.

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Taxes the state collects

What Wyoming collects in taxes

Total state taxes
$3B
FY 2023, nominal
Per resident
$5,140
total state taxes ÷ population
Largest categories (share of total)
Severance taxes$1.1B · 38%
General sales & gross receipts$954.6M · 32%
Property taxes$477M · 16%
Motor fuels sales tax$116.7M · 4%
Motor vehicle license$103.1M · 3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections. This is what the state government collected (not local taxes), not a measure of any individual’s tax burden. How the data works.

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How Wyoming has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

President, 19762024

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
202469,527192,6336,888R +45.8269,048
202073,491193,55911,453R +43.1278,503
201655,973174,41925,457R +46.3255,849
201269,286170,9628,813R +40.8249,061
200882,868164,9588,209R +32.1256,035
200470,776167,6295,023R +39.8243,428
200060,481147,9479,923R +40.1218,351
199677,934105,38828,249R +13.0211,571
199268,16079,34752,377R +5.6199,884
198867,113106,8672,571R +22.5176,551
198453,370133,2412,357R +42.3188,968
198049,427110,70016,586R +34.7176,713
197662,23992,7171,387R +19.5156,343

U.S. Senate races · all states →

YearWinnerDemocraticRepublicanOtherMargin
2024John Barrasso63,727198,4188,978R +49.7
2020Cynthia M. Lummis277,432
2018John Barrasso61,227136,2105,658R +36.9
2014Michael B. Enzi29,377121,55419,751R +53.9
2012John Barrasso53,019185,25012,014R +52.7
2008specialJohn Barrasso66,202183,06361R +46.8
2008Michael B. Enzi60,631189,04661R +51.4
2006Craig Thomas57,671135,1743,079R +39.5
2002Michael B. Enzi49,570133,710R +45.9
2000Craig Thomas47,087157,6228,950R +51.7

U.S. House seats won · district maps →

2024
D 0 · R 1
2022
D 0 · R 1
2020
D 0 · R 1
2018
D 0 · R 1
2016
D 0 · R 1
2014
D 0 · R 1
2012
D 0 · R 1
2010
D 0 · R 1
2008
D 0 · R 1
2006
D 0 · R 1
2004
D 0 · R 1
2002
D 0 · R 1
2000
D 0 · R 1

2024 results by county

Republican wonDemocratic wonIndependent / other
Which party received the most votes, as a solid color.Winning margin as a share of all votes cast.Change in margin since 2020, in percentage points.Total votes cast, all candidates.
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Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

Counties in Wyoming (23)

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