How America Moves

Charlottesville City, VA

Migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
99
1% below the U.S. average
Median home value
$448,400
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+46.7%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$1,453
national $1,348
Homeownership
44%
national 65%
Unemployment
2.3%
national 3.6%
Household income
$69,829
national $78,538
Median age
32.9 yrs
national 38.7

Cost of living is the metro-area price level for Charlottesville, VA.

The cost of living runs about 1% below the national average. The median home is valued at $448,400 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 47% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,453 a month. Unemployment averaged 2.3% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $69,829. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Charlottesville City, VA saw a net loss of 434 tax-filing households and a net loss of 904 individuals. Against a population of about 44,983, that is a net outflow of about 20 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area lost $14.1M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 665 households, came from Albemarle County; the largest outflow, about 871 households, went to Albemarle County. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net loss of 741 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
-$14.1M
nominal dollars
Net households
-434
tax returns
Net people
-904
exemptions

-20.1 net people per 1,000 residents (population 44,983)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$215M
Moved out$229.1M
Net -$14.1M (nominal)
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Charlottesville City within Virginia

Charlottesville City is outlined, with arrows tracing its largest moves to and from other Virginia counties. Hover any county for its figures; click to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
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Churn by county · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

Albemarle County, VA665871-206+$2.2M
Richmond City, VA48100-52-$2.5M
District of Columbia, DC6779-12+$414K
Fluvanna County, VA4873-25-$1.6M
Fairfax County, VA6951+18+$864K
New York County, NY2671-45-$2.1M
Arlington County, VA4051-11+$887K
Henrico County, VA2542-17-$2M
Greene County, VA2337-14-$1.2M
Louisa County, VA2825+3-$241K
Montgomery County, MD2426-2+$172K
Philadelphia County, PA2021-1+$435K

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: +$26.9M (-9,229 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012-$14.7M-937
2013+$24.1M-488
2014-$25.8M-611
2015+$73.9M+57
2016+$27M-592
2017+$14.5M-1,101
2018+$3.6M-854
2019-$44.8M-765
2020+$39.1M-1,223
2021-$26.1M-1,070
2022-$29.8M-741
2023-$14.1M-904
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the county?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 904 more people left Charlottesville City, VA than moved in (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net loss of about $14.1M in income (nominal) — in a county of 44,832 people.

Population
44,832
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
-20.2
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about -202 people.
Net income per resident
−$314
nominal dollars
-$14.1M total across 44,832 residents.

The rate lets you compare Charlottesville City, VA with a countyof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the county’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+538
Deaths
-312
Net domestic migration
-716
Net international migration
+204
Total change
-272

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Who lives here

The people of Charlottesville City, VA

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
32.9
years
Median household income
$69,829
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
11% below the U.S. median
College degree
61%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
22.6%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
17 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
90%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 64%Hispanic 7%Black 17%Asian 7%Other 5%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$448,400
owner-occupied homes
48% above the U.S. median
Median rent
$1,453
gross rent per month
8% above the U.S. median
Homeownership
44%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+14.5%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+47%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
59new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 51%Multifamily 49%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
2.3%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
24,723
24,145 employed
Disaster declarations
major federal, 2023

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
2.7%
April 2026 · ▲ 0.1 points vs April 2025
January 2024April 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this county, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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How Charlottesville City, VA has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
202419,4353,428440D +68.723,303
202020,6963,094423D +72.724,213
201617,9012,9601,611D +66.522,472
201216,5104,844443D +53.521,797
200815,7054,078261D +58.020,044
200411,0884,172190D +44.815,450
20007,7624,0341,428D +28.213,224

Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

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