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McLennan County, TX

Migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
91
9% below the U.S. average
Median home value
$219,200
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+59.9%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$1,106
national $1,348
Homeownership
61%
national 65%
Unemployment
3.8%
national 3.6%
Household income
$63,888
national $78,538
Median age
34.0 yrs
national 38.7

Cost of living is the metro-area price level for Waco, TX.

The cost of living runs about 9% below the national average. The median home is valued at $219,200 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 60% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,106 a month. Unemployment averaged 3.8% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $63,888. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, McLennan County, TX saw a net gain of 92 tax-filing households and a net gain of 353 individuals. Against a population of about 268,583, that is a net inflow of about 1.3 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area gained $32M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 399 households, came from Bell County; the largest outflow, about 419 households, went to Bell County. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net gain of 1,316 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
+$32M
nominal dollars
Net households
+92
tax returns
Net people
+353
exemptions

+1.3 net people per 1,000 residents (population 268,583)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$378.1M
Moved out$346.1M
Net +$32M (nominal)
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McLennan County within Texas

McLennan County is outlined, with arrows tracing its largest moves to and from other Texas counties. Hover any county for its figures; click to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
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Where movers came from

  1. 1Bell County, TX399$23.3M
  2. 2Tarrant County, TX273$14.3M
  3. 3Dallas County, TX238$23.7M
  4. 4Harris County, TX207$11.6M
  5. 5Travis County, TX196$15.6M
  6. 6Hill County, TX167$7.2M
  7. 7Falls County, TX162$6.7M
  8. 8Williamson County, TX156$12.5M
  9. 9Bosque County, TX148$6.7M
  10. 10Coryell County, TX136$7.5M
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Where movers went

  1. 1Bell County, TX419$21.2M
  2. 2Dallas County, TX333$19.6M
  3. 3Tarrant County, TX330$18.3M
  4. 4Travis County, TX241$15.1M
  5. 5Harris County, TX221$10.7M
  6. 6Williamson County, TX165$12.8M
  7. 7Hill County, TX161$9.1M
  8. 8Bosque County, TX143$8.4M
  9. 9Falls County, TX139$6.5M
  10. 10Denton County, TX131$9.3M
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Churn by county · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

Bell County, TX399419-20+$2.1M
Tarrant County, TX273330-57-$4M
Dallas County, TX238333-95+$4.2M
Travis County, TX196241-45+$524K
Harris County, TX207221-14+$947K
Hill County, TX167161+6-$1.9M
Williamson County, TX156165-9-$241K
Falls County, TX162139+23+$259K
Bosque County, TX148143+5-$1.7M
Coryell County, TX136122+14+$235K
Bexar County, TX116129-13-$386K
Denton County, TX104131-27-$1.7M

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: +$371.4M (+9,370 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012-$6.7M-136
2013+$68M-96
2014+$487K+51
2015-$4M+481
2016+$16.8M+666
2017+$43.9M+2,170
2018+$46.2M+853
2019+$29.9M+1,051
2020-$7.7M+1,142
2021+$74.1M+1,519
2022+$78.5M+1,316
2023+$32M+353
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the county?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 353 more people moved into McLennan County, TX than left (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net gain of about $32M in income (nominal) — in a county of 268,480 people.

Population
268,480
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
+1.3
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about +13 people.
Net income per resident
+$119
nominal dollars
+$32M total across 268,480 residents.

The rate lets you compare McLennan County, TX with a countyof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the county’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+3,374
Deaths
-2,521
Net domestic migration
+968
Net international migration
+553
Total change
+2,355

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around McLennan County, TX run about 9% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $110 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person
$54,221
what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)
23% below the U.S. average
Price level
91.1
100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)
everyday costs about 8.9% lower than average
What that income buys
$59,495
local income restated at U.S.-average prices
15% below the U.S. average
Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

Cost of living shown for the Waco, TX metro area (BEA publishes price parities by metro, not by county).

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents77.3
Goods92.9
Utilities88.6
Other services95.8

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of McLennan County, TX

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
34.0
years
Median household income
$63,888
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
19% below the U.S. median
College degree
28%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
17.1%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
21 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
88%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 55%Hispanic 27%Black 14%Asian 2%Other 3%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$219,200
owner-occupied homes
28% below the U.S. median
Median rent
$1,106
gross rent per month
18% below the U.S. median
Homeownership
61%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+5.2%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+60%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
1,750new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 42%Multifamily 58%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
3.8%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
128,692
123,825 employed
Disaster declarations
major federal, 2023

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
3.6%
April 2026 · ▲ 0.2 points vs April 2025
January 2024April 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this county, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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How McLennan County, TX has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
202433,86364,6061,203R +30.899,672
202036,68859,5431,641R +23.497,872
201627,06348,2603,752R +26.879,075
201225,69447,903944R +29.874,541
200829,99849,044632R +23.979,674
200426,76052,090404R +32.079,254
200023,46243,9551,372R +29.868,789

Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

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