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Georgia

State-to-state migration of people and income, 20222023 filing years

At a glance (2023)

Cost of living
96
4% below the U.S. average
Median home value
$272,900
national $303,400
Home prices, 5 years
+62.2%
over the 5 years to 2023
Monthly rent
$1,306
national $1,348
Homeownership
65%
national 65%
Unemployment
3.2%
national 3.6%
Household income
$74,664
national $78,538
Median age
37.4 yrs
national 38.7

The cost of living runs about 4% below the national average. The median home is valued at $272,900 (nominal). Home prices have risen about 62% over the five years to 2023. Median rent is about $1,306 a month. Unemployment averaged 3.2% in 2023 (national 3.6%). Median household income is $74,664. These figures describe all residents, not just tax filers, come from separate sources than the migration data on this page, and do not indicate why anyone moved.

Between the 2022 and 2023 filing years, Georgia saw a net gain of 14,067 tax-filing households and a net gain of 35,106 individuals. Against a population of about 11,029,227, that is a net inflow of about 3.2 per 1,000 residents. On net, the area gained $678.5M in associated adjusted gross income (AGI, nominal dollars). The largest inflow, about 28,263 households, came from Florida; the largest outflow, about 23,475 households, went to Florida. In the prior (2022) filing year, the area saw a net gain of 51,489 individuals. These figures cover federal income tax filers only and do not indicate why people moved.

Net income (AGI)
+$678.5M
nominal dollars
Net households
+14,067
tax returns
Net people
+35,106
exemptions

+3.2 net people per 1,000 residents (population 11,029,227)

Income (AGI) in and out

Moved in$10.6B
Moved out$9.9B
Net +$678.5M (nominal)
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Georgia counties

Net migration by county. Hover for figures; click a county to open it.

Net outNet in(AGI $)
Hover an area to trace its top 5 inbound (in) and outbound (out) moves.
Net income (AGI) that moved in minus out, in nominal dollars (not adjusted for inflation).Net tax returns (filing households) that moved in minus out.Net people per 1,000 residents, so larger and smaller areas compare fairly.
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Top origin states

  1. 1Florida28,263$1.8B
  2. 2New York9,138$611.6M
  3. 3Texas9,120$660.6M
  4. 4California8,796$793M
  5. 5Alabama8,527$466.8M
  6. 6North Carolina8,487$590.2M
  7. 7South Carolina8,328$505.4M
  8. 8Tennessee7,832$523M
  9. 9Virginia5,099$400.8M
  10. 10Illinois4,120$344.5M
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Top destination states

  1. 1Florida23,475$2.1B
  2. 2Texas10,897$748.3M
  3. 3South Carolina9,309$752.8M
  4. 4Alabama9,224$563.2M
  5. 5North Carolina9,082$651.6M
  6. 6Tennessee8,430$618M
  7. 7California6,626$502.4M
  8. 8New York5,842$401.8M
  9. 9Virginia4,876$340.3M
  10. 10Illinois3,112$200.6M
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Churn by state · both directions at once

The biggest two-way exchanges of filing households, 20222023. Moved in and moved out are gross one-way counts; net is the difference. Click a column to sort.

Florida28,26323,475+4,788-$303.4M
Texas9,12010,897-1,777-$87.7M
Alabama8,5279,224-697-$96.3M
South Carolina8,3289,309-981-$247.3M
North Carolina8,4879,082-595-$61.4M
Tennessee7,8328,430-598-$95M
California8,7966,626+2,170+$290.7M
New York9,1385,842+3,296+$209.9M
Virginia5,0994,876+223+$60.5M
Illinois4,1203,112+1,008+$143.8M
Ohio3,6932,912+781+$85.3M
Pennsylvania3,8532,668+1,185+$91.6M

Counts are filing households (IRS returns), matching the lists above; income is nominal AGI. A dash means the IRS published only one direction of that exchange (small flows are suppressed), so no net is computed.

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Net migration by year

Net 2012–2023: +$6.8B (+377,797 people)
20122023
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Net AGI and net people by year (nominal dollars)
YearNet AGINet people
2012+$35.9M-953
2013-$181.2M+8,093
2014+$299.3M+13,756
2015+$97.3M+19,873
2016+$553.3M+38,636
2017+$980.6M+46,828
2018+$809.4M+36,738
2019+$426.9M+35,728
2020+$1.1B+37,765
2021+$1.3B+54,738
2022+$715M+51,489
2023+$678.5M+35,106
Migration in context

How big is this move, relative to the state?

In the 20222023 filing year, about 35,106 more people moved into Georgia than left (counting tax filers and their dependents) — a net gain of about $678.5M in income (nominal) — in a state of 11,063,669 people.

Population
11,063,669
Census 2023 estimate
Net migration rate
+3.2
net people per 1,000 residents
A town of 10,000 would net about +32 people.
Net income per resident
+$61
nominal dollars
+$678.5M total across 11,063,669 residents.

The rate lets you compare Georgia with a stateof any size: it’s the net flow divided by population. The IRS counts tax filers; population counts all residents, so read the rate as a scale indicator, not a literal share of people.

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Components of population change · 2023 (Census)

Where the state’s overall change came from. Census counts all residents; the IRS migration above is one slice of the domestic-migration component.

Births
+126,265
Deaths
-98,375
Net domestic migration
+52,348
Net international migration
+52,726
Total change
+133,677

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program. Figures are people, not tax filers.

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Income & cost of living

What a dollar is worth here

Prices around Georgia run about 4% below the national average. In plain terms: $100 spent here buys about what $104 buys in the average American community. The figures below apply that to income, each compared to the U.S. average of $70,002 per person.

Income per person
$60,006
what people here earn (BEA 2023, nominal)
14% below the U.S. average
Price level
96.5
100 = U.S. average prices (BEA price parity)
everyday costs about 3.5% lower than average
What that income buys
$62,186
local income restated at U.S.-average prices
11% below the U.S. average
Cheaper than U.S. avgU.S. average (100)Pricier

Price parity shown at the state level (BEA does not publish a single figure below the metro level).

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Where the cost comes from · price parity by category

Index where 100 = U.S. average for that category. Housing is usually what separates one place from another.

Housing & rents88.3
Goods97.7
Utilities92.3
Other services98.8

Housing is measured from rents (including an estimated rental value for owner-occupied homes), so a run-up in purchase prices shows here only as it reaches rents. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer income above. How the data works.

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Who lives here

The people of Georgia

American Community Survey, 2019–2023 (a 5-year average of all residents, not just tax filers).

Median age
37.4
years
Median household income
$74,664
per household (ACS 2019–2023, nominal)
5% below the U.S. median
College degree
34%
adults 25+ with a bachelor's or higher
Poverty rate
13.5%
residents below the poverty line
Average commute
28 min
mean travel time to work
Broadband at home
89%
households with any broadband
Race and ethnicity (share of residents)
White 50%Hispanic 11%Black 31%Asian 4%Other 4%

White, Black, and Asian counts are people who are not Hispanic or Latino; Hispanic or Latino can be of any race. Shares are rounded and may not total 100.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Covers all residents, a separate universe from the IRS filer data. A 5-year estimate is an average over 2019–2023; compare years at least five apart, since consecutive windows overlap. How the data works.

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Housing · what it costs to live here (ACS 2019–2023)

Median home value
$272,900
owner-occupied homes
10% below the U.S. median
Median rent
$1,306
gross rent per month
3% below the U.S. median
Homeownership
65%
of occupied homes are owner-occupied
Home-price appreciation · FHFA index, 2023
Past year
+8.2%
price change, 2022 to 2023
Past 5 years
+62%
price change, 2018 to 2023

A repeat-sales index (how much the same homes changed in price), so it tracks the market over time rather than the current level. Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency, annual all-transactions HPI; the county series is FHFA’s developmental index.

New home construction · building permits, 2023
63,621new housing units authorized in 2023
Single-family 70%Multifamily 30%

Units authorized by residential building permits (new supply), summed from counties for the state and U.S. Permits are authorizations, not completions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey.

Home value is what owners estimate their homes are worth, not recent sale prices. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2019–2023), nominal dollars. How the data works.

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Local economy & risk

Jobs and natural hazards

Unemployment rate
3.2%
BLS 2023 annual average
Labor force
5,372,644
5,198,344 employed
Disaster declarations
2
major federal, 2023
most common: Hurricane

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS) and FEMA. A disaster declaration marks federal assistance eligibility, not damage severity, and says nothing about why anyone moved. How the data works.

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Unemployment now
3.2%
May 2026 · ▼ 0.1 points vs May 2025
January 2024May 2026

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS). Monthly unemployment for this state, not seasonally adjusted. Updated every month, so it moves faster than the annual average above. How the data works.

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Who’s moving by income

Net migration by income bracket

Tax-filing households that moved into Georgia minus those that left, by the adjusted gross income they reported, 20222023. Positive means more arrived than left at that income level.

$1–$10k
+329
In 13,576Out 13,247+$2.9M AGI
$10k–$25k
+3,217
In 33,599Out 30,382+$58.2M AGI
$25k–$50k
+3,968
In 39,020Out 35,052+$149M AGI
$50k–$75k
+2,361
In 21,642Out 19,281+$142.7M AGI
$75k–$100k
+728
In 12,845Out 12,117+$63.8M AGI
$100k–$200k
+2,107
In 19,396Out 17,289+$292.3M AGI
$200k+
+1,137
In 8,658Out 7,521-$35M AGI

Among the highest earners ($200k+), Georgia ranks #9 of 51 states for net household migration (+1,137).

Source: IRS Statistics of Income, state-level gross migration file (returns with negative AGI are excluded, so this won’t exactly match the totals above). Income is what filers reported, not a reason anyone moved. Compare all states by income bracket. How the data works.

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Goods trade

What Georgia ships and receives

Physical goods shipped between Georgia and other states, 2022. This is freight, not the migration of people or income shown above.

$355.3B
Ships to other states
+25% since 2017
$331.0B
Receives from states
+15% since 2017
+$24.4B
Net balance

Top goods shipped out

Pharmaceutical products
$56.5B
Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts)
$49.1B
Mixed freight
$48.8B
Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment
$46.7B
Machinery
$36.4B
Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather
$32.5B

Top goods received

Motorized and other vehicles (includes parts)
$45.4B
Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, and office equipment
$43.1B
Mixed freight
$43.0B
Textiles, leather, and articles of textiles or leather
$28.9B
Plastics and rubber
$28.6B
Pharmaceutical products
$26.8B

Biggest trading partners (both ways)

Goods trade runs in both directions: states swap different goods, so a partner is often near the top of both columns. Net is ships minus receives (positive means Georgia ships more to that partner than it gets back).

PartnerShips toReceivesNetTotal
Florida$41.2B$27.8B+$13.4B$68.9B
Alabama$22.1B$37.3B-$15.2B$59.4B
North Carolina$28.5B$24.0B+$4.5B$52.6B
South Carolina$30.1B$18.5B+$11.6B$48.6B
Texas$29.6B$17.0B+$12.6B$46.6B
Tennessee$23.9B$22.0B+$1.9B$45.8B
California$16.8B$22.2B-$5.4B$38.9B
Ohio$20.8B$16.0B+$4.8B$36.8B

Goods shipped every five years by the Census Commodity Flow Survey (a sample, so figures are estimates and the smallest flows are withheld). Value is nominal. The totals and partner table above count trade between Georgia and other states; the goods lists count everything the state ships or receives, including within-state shipments. Compare all states. How the data works.

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Taxes the state collects

What Georgia collects in taxes

Total state taxes
$33.8B
FY 2023, nominal
Per resident
$3,057
total state taxes ÷ population
Largest categories (share of total)
Individual income tax$17B · 50%
General sales & gross receipts$9B · 27%
Corporation net income tax$3.8B · 11%
Motor fuels sales tax$837.2M · 2%
Property taxes$831.8M · 2%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections. This is what the state government collected (not local taxes), not a measure of any individual’s tax burden. How the data works.

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How Georgia has voted. Certified returns, popular vote only. This is a separate dataset from the migration figures on this page.

President, 19762024

YearDemocraticRepublicanOtherMarginTotal
20242,548,0172,663,11738,913R +2.25,250,047
20202,474,5072,461,83762,138D +0.34,998,482
20161,877,9632,089,104147,644R +5.14,114,711
20121,773,8272,078,68847,535R +7.83,900,050
20081,844,1372,048,74432,397R +5.23,925,278
20041,366,1491,914,25418,387R +16.63,298,790
20001,116,2301,419,72060,854R +11.72,596,804
19961,053,8491,080,843164,207R +1.22,298,899
19921,008,966995,252316,915D +0.62,321,133
1988714,7921,081,33113,549R +20.31,809,672
1984706,6281,068,722753R +20.41,776,103
1980890,955654,16851,682D +14.81,596,805
1976979,409483,7430D +33.91,463,152

U.S. Senate races · all states →

YearWinnerDemocraticRepublicanOtherMargin
2022runoffRaphael Warnock1,820,6331,721,244D +2.8
2020specialrunoffRaphael Warnock2,288,4462,194,848D +2.1
2020runoffJon Ossoff2,269,2622,213,979D +1.2
2016Johnny Isakson1,599,7262,135,806162,260R +13.8
2014David A. Perdue1,160,8111,358,08848,862R +7.7
2010Johnny Isakson996,5161,489,90468,750R +19.3
2008Saxby Chambliss909,9231,228,033R +14.9
2004Johnny Isakson1,287,6901,864,20269,051R +17.9
2002Saxby Chambliss932,4221,071,35227,830R +6.8
2000specialZell Miller1,413,2241,002,519

U.S. House seats won · district maps →

2024
D 5 · R 9
2022
D 5 · R 9
2020
D 6 · R 8
2018
D 5 · R 9
2016
D 4 · R 10
2014
D 4 · R 10
2012
D 5 · R 9
2010
D 5 · R 8
2008
D 6 · R 7
2006
D 6 · R 7
2004
D 6 · R 7
2002
D 5 · R 8
2000
D 3 · R 8

2024 results by county

Republican wonDemocratic wonIndependent / other
Which party received the most votes, as a solid color.Winning margin as a share of all votes cast.Change in margin since 2020, in percentage points.Total votes cast, all candidates.
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Source: MIT Election Data and Science Lab county returns (CC0). Margins are the popular-vote gap as a share of all votes cast.

Counties in Georgia (159)

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